{"id":3623,"date":"2026-05-26T11:08:55","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T04:08:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=3623"},"modified":"2026-05-26T11:51:35","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T04:51:35","slug":"tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/","title":{"rendered":"Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i Dung<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#I_Tong_quan_ve_thoi_mien\" >I\/ T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#1_Luoc_su_hinh_thanh_va_nguon_goc_cua_viec_than_thanh_hoa_cac_quan_niem_niem_tin_trong_tin_nguong_dan_gian\" >1. L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m, ni\u1ec1m tin trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#2_Nhung_lam_tuong_pho_bien_ve_thoi_mien\" >2. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#21_Thoi_mien_co_giong_nhu_ngu_hoac_mong_du_khong\" >2.1. Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9ng du kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#22_Thoi_mien_co_phai_la_bi_dieu_khien_khong\" >2.2. Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#23_Thoi_mien_co_phai_la_thu_gian_khong\" >2.3. Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#24_Nguoi_bi_thoi_mien_co_mat_kiem_soat_hoac_quen_het_moi_chuyen_khong\" >2.4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c qu\u00ean h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#25_Nguoi_de_bi_thoi_mien_co_phai_la_nguoi_yeu_duoi_hoac_nhe_da_khong\" >2.5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eb9 d\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#II_Co_so_khoa_hoc_va_cac_luan_chung_thuc_nghiem_ve_thoi_mien\" >II\/ C\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#1_Nao_bo_hoat_dong_ra_sao_trong_qua_trinh_thoi_mien\" >1. N\u00e3o b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4i mi\u00ean?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#2_Nhung_bang_chung_va_de_tai_nghien_cuu_lam_sang_noi_bat\" >2. Nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#III_Ung_dung_thuc_te_cua_khoa_hoc_thoi_mien\" >III\/ \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#1_Pham_vi_ung_dung_va_bang_chung_thuc_nghiem\" >1. Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/tong-quan-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien\/#2_Thoi_mien_trong_doi_song\" >2. Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"I_Tong_quan_ve_thoi_mien\"><\/span><strong>I\/ T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Luoc_su_hinh_thanh_va_nguon_goc_cua_viec_than_thanh_hoa_cac_quan_niem_niem_tin_trong_tin_nguong_dan_gian\"><\/span>1. <strong>L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m, ni\u1ec1m tin trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef <strong>\u201chypnotism\u201d \u2014 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/strong> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u00f4i mi\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00e2m l\u00fd hay l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ni\u1ec1m tin d\u00e2n gian, nghi l\u1ec5 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. \u1ede <strong>Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>, theo <strong>Laura M. Zucconi, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stockton<\/strong>, trong b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u <strong><em>Medicine and Religion in Ancient Egypt<\/em> &#8211; <em>Y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em><\/strong>, y h\u1ecdc Ai C\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian. Zucconi cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 <strong>maat<\/strong> &#8211; tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1\/c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 <strong>heka<\/strong> &#8211; n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt trong m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t trong quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1eadt l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. B\u1ed5 sung cho g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 Ai C\u1eadp h\u1ecdc<strong> Hedvig Gy\u0151ry<\/strong> khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp v\u1eeba c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u, b\u0103ng b\u00f3 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ch\u00fang kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t ca ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh &#8220;chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9nh&#8221; th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p 2 trong 1: <strong>U\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c, b\u00f4i thu\u1ed1c m\u1ee1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nghi l\u1ec5. <\/strong>T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 khai, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean <strong>ni\u1ec1m tin, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 uy quy\u1ec1n thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/strong>. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec5m nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1c l\u00ean m\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o b\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede <strong>Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd th\u1ea7n <strong>Asklepios<\/strong>. Theo <strong>Helen Askitopoulou, B\u00e1c s\u0129 Y khoa, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Danh d\u1ef1 ng\u00e0nh G\u00e2y m\u00ea h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Crete<\/strong>, trong b\u00e0i <strong><em>Sleep and Dreams: From Myth to Medicine in Ancient Greece<\/em> \u2014 <em>Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1: T\u1eeb th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn y h\u1ecdc \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em><\/strong>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n Asklepios \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi l\u1ec5 <strong>incubation\/enkoimesis<\/strong>, t\u1ee9c ng\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian thi\u00eang v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh; nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hippocrates &#8211; ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xem gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i \u2013 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng sang c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u y h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u1eabn g\u1eafn r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi <strong>kh\u00f4ng gian thi\u00eang, s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean <strong>kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00f4i mi\u00ean\u201d theo ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>, b\u1edfi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef <strong>hypnotism<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 <strong>nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/strong>, v\u00ec c\u00f9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi th\u00f4i mi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: ni\u1ec1m tin, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd, c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi <strong>Stanley Krippner, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Saybrook, gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c danh gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 mang t\u00ean Alan Watts<\/strong>, trong b\u00e0i <strong><em>Indigenous Healing Practitioners and Their Use of Hypnotic-Like Procedures<\/em> \u2014 <em>C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ed1ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/em><\/strong>. Krippner d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <strong>\u201chypnotic-like procedures\u201d<\/strong>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u201cgi\u1ed1ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean\u201d, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb \u00e1p nh\u00e3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 hypnosis theo ngh\u0129a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cth\u00f4i mi\u00ean\u201d, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 <strong>k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb<\/strong>. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xa x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u; ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn th\u00f4i mi\u00ean trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i b\u1ecb bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Nhung_lam_tuong_pho_bien_ve_thoi_mien\"><\/span><strong>2. <\/strong><strong>Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII v\u00e0 XIX. M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft <strong>animal magnetism<\/strong> \u2014 \u201ct\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt\u201d \u2014 c\u1ee7a <strong>Franz Anton Mesmer<\/strong>. Mesmer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <strong>b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c <\/strong>(1734\u20131815). Mesmer t\u1eebng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u <strong>\u201c<em>Demystifying hypnosis: Unravelling facts, exploring the historical roots of myths, and discerning what is hypnosis &#8211; Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/em>\u201d<\/strong> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean <em>Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice<\/em> n\u0103m 2023, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1ed3m <strong>Dali Geagea<\/strong> \u2014 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sussex, Anh; David Ogez, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00e0 Tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Khoa G\u00e2y m\u00ea v\u00e0 Y h\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3m \u0111au, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Montr\u00e9al; Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Roy Kimble t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Queensland; v\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Zephanie Tyack t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Queensland \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m quanh th\u00f4i mi\u00ean. <strong>Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, Geagea v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean trong l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/strong> B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng l\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u1ea5y. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u201c<strong>animal magnetism &#8211; t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt\u201d<\/strong> do Mesmer \u0111\u01b0a ra; sau c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Mesmer r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a mesmerism \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb \u201cquy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4i mi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i mi\u00ean. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, khi\u1ebfn th\u00f4i mi\u00ean trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, thao t\u00fang v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c b\u00ed \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_Thoi_mien_co_giong_nhu_ngu_hoac_mong_du_khong\"><\/span><strong>2.1. Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9ng du kh\u00f4ng? <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, v\u00ec <em>hypnosis<\/em> c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p <em>hypnos<\/em>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng xem th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u1ee7. Trong b\u00e0i <strong>\u201cWhat is hypnosis and how might it work?\u201d<\/strong> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean <em>Palliative Care<\/em> n\u0103m 2019, <strong>B\u00e1c s\u0129 Ann Williamson<\/strong> t\u1eebng l\u00e0 <strong>b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111a khoa<\/strong> h\u01a1n 32 n\u0103m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean\/nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia y t\u1ebf thu\u1ed9c British Society of Clinical &amp; Academic Hypnosis, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c\u201d. Theo Williamson, trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u00ean trong nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i mi\u00ean <strong>kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 m\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_Thoi_mien_co_phai_la_bi_dieu_khien_khong\"><\/span><strong>2.2. Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng? <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, phim \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u00f4i mi\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201ccon r\u1ed1i\u201d. Trong b\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc <strong>\u201cReconciling myths and misconceptions about hypnosis with scientific evidence\u201d<\/strong> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean <em>BJPsych Advances<\/em> n\u0103m 2023, Madeline V. Stein &#8211; nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh t\u1ea1i Khoa T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, Vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc &amp; Khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc King&#8217;s College London; Steven Jay Lynn &#8211; Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Binghamton; v\u00e0 Devin B. Terhune &#8211; Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc King&#8217;s College London &#8211; b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i mi\u00ean \u201cm\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d. <strong>N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi g\u1ee3i \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"23_Thoi_mien_co_phai_la_thu_gian_khong\"><\/span><strong>2.3. Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng? <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a th\u00f4i mi\u00ean. Trong c\u00f9ng b\u00e0i, Stein v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u201cth\u01b0 gi\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean. Geagea v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong <strong>\u201cDemystifying hypnosis\u201d<\/strong> r\u1eb1ng tuy th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, thi\u1ec1n, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c h\u00edt th\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi th\u00f4i mi\u00ean. <strong>V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u201cth\u1ea3 l\u1ecfng\u201d, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi g\u1ee3i \u00fd.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"24_Nguoi_bi_thoi_mien_co_mat_kiem_soat_hoac_quen_het_moi_chuyen_khong\"><\/span><strong>2.4. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c qu\u00ean h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Stein v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 cho bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cqu\u00ean t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sau th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ebfm\u201d. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean cao v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh, khi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi g\u1ee3i \u00fd th\u00f4i mi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"25_Nguoi_de_bi_thoi_mien_co_phai_la_nguoi_yeu_duoi_hoac_nhe_da_khong\"><\/span><strong>2.5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eb9 d\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Trong b\u00e0i <strong>\u201cDemystifying hypnosis &#8211; Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4i mi\u00ean\u201d<\/strong>, nh\u00f3m Geagea v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi, mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3 tin hay \u00e1p l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m t\u00e2m l\u00fd. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi g\u1ee3i \u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00ecn chung, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang s\u1ee3 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Trong b\u00e0i <strong><em>\u201cMyths and misconceptions about hypnosis and suggestion: separating fact and fiction\u201d<\/em><\/strong> <strong>Steven Jay Lynn<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1 ng\u00e0nh T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Binghamton<\/strong>; <strong>Irving Kirsch <\/strong>&#8211; <strong>Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Danh d\u1ef1 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Plymouth, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hull v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Connecticut; Devin B. Terhune &#8211; Ph\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc King&#8217;s College London; v\u00e0 Joseph P. Green &#8211; Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bang Ohio<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Stein, Lynn v\u00e0 Terhune tr\u00edch l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn quanh th\u00f4i mi\u00ean. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed nh\u1edb hay gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i. Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi g\u1ee3i \u00fd trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh giao ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"II_Co_so_khoa_hoc_va_cac_luan_chung_thuc_nghiem_ve_thoi_mien\"><\/span><strong>II\/ C\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Nao_bo_hoat_dong_ra_sao_trong_qua_trinh_thoi_mien\"><\/span><strong>1. <\/strong><strong>N\u00e3o b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4i mi\u00ean?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, t\u1eeb <strong>\u201chypnotism \u2013 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean\u201d<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi <strong>James Braid<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng, cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00f4i mi\u00ean theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb <strong>mesmerism<\/strong>, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>\u201canimal magnetism\u201d<\/strong>. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4i mi\u00ean sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i mi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Braid kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a <strong>Mesmer<\/strong>, m\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc. Trong <strong><em>Neurypnology<\/em> <\/strong>(1843), \u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c Hy L\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 <em>neuron<\/em> \u2014 th\u1ea7n kinh, <em>hypnos<\/em> \u2014 gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7, v\u00e0 <em>logos<\/em> \u2014 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cneuro-hypnotism\u201d hay \u201chypnotism\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u201cnervous sleep\u201d, t\u1ee9c \u201cgi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n kinh\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 sau, ch\u00ednh Braid nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i mi\u00ean <strong>th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ng\u1ee7 hay m\u1ea5t \u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/strong>. Trong <strong>The Physiology of Fascination, and the Critics Criticised (1855)<\/strong>, Braid chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sang kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <strong>\u201cdominant ideas\u201d<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>\u201cmonoideism\u201d<\/strong>. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 sau c\u1ee7a Braid, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u201cc\u1eaft kh\u1ecfi \u00fd th\u1ee9c\u201d hay r\u01a1i v\u00e0o gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 th\u1eadt, m\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i <strong>t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd cao \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong>. Trong \u0111\u00f3, tri gi\u00e1c, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 xoay quanh m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 quan, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 David Spiegel, B\u00e1c s\u0129 Y khoa, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Y \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford, Hoa K\u1ef3; \u00f4ng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c danh Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Y khoa mang t\u00ean Jack, Lulu v\u00e0 Sam Willson (l\u00e0 C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c danh gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng Y \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford)<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c T\u00e2m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1i Stanford. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean <em>Cerebral Cortex<\/em>, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee5p c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng) \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00f4i mi\u00ean. Y khoa Stanford t\u00f3m t\u1eaft r\u1eb1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00f4i mi\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00e2n\u2013t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ng\u1ee7, m\u00ea man ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t \u00fd th\u1ee9c.<\/strong> Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn ra th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u1ee7, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng <strong>t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>. Trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Nhung_bang_chung_va_de_tai_nghien_cuu_lam_sang_noi_bat\"><\/span><strong>2. <\/strong><strong>Nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>N\u0103m 2013, c\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a APA Division 30 (Ph\u00e2n h\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 30 thu\u1ed9c Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3) l\u00e0 Arreed Barabasz \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m \u1ee6y ban \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean &#8211; Hypnosis Definition Committee \u2013 HDC \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean. \u1ee6y ban g\u1ed3m <strong>Gary Elkins &#8211; Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc Th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Baylor Hoa k\u1ef3, David Spiegel &#8211; Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m Khoa T\u00e2m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc &amp; Khoa h\u1ecdc H\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Y \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford Hoa K\u1ef3, James Council &#8211; Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1 ng\u00e0nh T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bang B\u1eafc Dakota Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Arreed Barabasz &#8211; Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1 ng\u00e0nh T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bang Washington, Hoa k\u1ef3<\/strong>. Theo b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Advancing Research and Practice: <strong>The Revised APA Division 30 Definition of Hypnosis<\/strong> \u2013 Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n h\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 30 thu\u1ed9c Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 2015, Elkins v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a APA Division 30 v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean: <strong>\u201cTh\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp.\u201d<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ta nh\u00ecn th\u00f4i mi\u00ean theo c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n. Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i theo Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Trong \u0111\u00f3, <strong>ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0o tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u00edt ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ma thu\u1eadt, t\u00e0 thu\u1eadt hay hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u2013 \u00fd th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn <strong>ch\u00fa \u00fd, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd<\/strong>. <strong>N\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u1eabn l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/strong> C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u00fd th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i si\u00eau nhi\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00ecn \u1edf chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o, khi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f2n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u00e9o v\u00e0o tranh c\u00e3i, hi\u1ec3u sai ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng sai. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4i mi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n, r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng n\u1eeda khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eeda huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Trong y h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111au<\/strong>, th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111au v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u. Maria Paola Brugnoli, B\u00e1c s\u0129 y khoa, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, thu\u1ed9c Khoa G\u00e2y m\u00ea, H\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111au, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Verona, \u00dd.\u00a0 c\u00f9ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9. Trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o <strong>\u201c<em>The role of clinical hypnosis and self-hypnosis to relief pain and anxiety in severe chronic diseases in palliative care: a 2-year long-term follow-up of treatment in a nonrandomized clinical trial<\/em><\/strong><em>\u201d<\/em> th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y, nh\u00f3m d\u00f9ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean nh\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3, c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111au v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. <strong>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, cho ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111au v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0, b\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong <strong>t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n<\/strong>, th\u00f4i mi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m lo \u00e2u, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t stress, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3, sang ch\u1ea5n, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u00f3i quen, t\u0103ng l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tin, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. <strong>American Society of Clinical Hypnosis &#8211; Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean L\u00e2m s\u00e0ng Hoa K\u1ef3 \u2014 ASCH<\/strong> nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n b\u00e1c s\u0129, nha s\u0129, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u2013 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Trong <strong>\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/strong>, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (<strong>International Society for Hypnosis)<\/strong> l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, c\u0169ng n\u00eau c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1i video game, xem TV, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i, khi\u1ebfn ta \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra xung quanh. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u0169ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang <strong>t\u1ef1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/strong> v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. T<strong>\u1ef1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp trung, th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, t\u0103ng t\u1ef1 tin, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen<\/strong>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 y khoa ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m l\u00fd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ef1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t cho nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eadp trung, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t, c\u00f2n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u00ean trong nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, suy ngh\u0129, k\u00fd \u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n. \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"III_Ung_dung_thuc_te_cua_khoa_hoc_thoi_mien\"><\/span><strong>III\/ \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00f4i mi\u00ean <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Pham_vi_ung_dung_va_bang_chung_thuc_nghiem\"><\/span><strong>1. Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, <strong>c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m:<\/strong> <strong>d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/strong> l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp trung; <strong>kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd; c\u00f2n <strong>li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/strong> l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c y khoa. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho th\u00f4i mi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00fang vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u00f4i mi\u00ean.<\/strong> Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4i mi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <strong>c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3<\/strong>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0o tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y v\u1eeba th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u1eeba tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4i mi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ee9 ba, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng,<\/strong> th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. Trong b\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng quan <em>Meta-analytic evidence on the efficacy of hypnosis for mental and somatic health issues: a 20-year perspective<\/em> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean <em>Frontiers in Psychology<\/em> n\u0103m 2024, <strong>Jenny Rosendahl &#8211; gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Jena, thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Friedrich Schiller, \u0110\u1ee9c; Cameron T. Alldredge nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi\u00ean sau ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u1ea1i Baylor University, Hoa K\u1ef3; v\u00e0 Antonia Haddenhorst<\/strong> <strong>\u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Jena thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Friedrich Schiller, \u0110\u1ee9c<\/strong>; \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t 49 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ed9p v\u1edbi 261 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 h\u01a1n trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111au, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p cho tr\u1ebb em ho\u1eb7c thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4i mi\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ai v\u00e0 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c,<\/strong> th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u201cl\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n\u201d, m\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn, gi\u00fap ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eadp trung, g\u1ee3i \u00fd, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Trong b\u00e0i <em>Traditional and Alert Hypnosis for Education: A Literature Review<\/em> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean <em>American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis<\/em> n\u0103m 2011,<strong> David M. Wark &#8211; Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Minnesota<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd th\u00f4i mi\u00ean t\u1eebng cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, m\u1edf m\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc, nghe hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i so v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u th\u00f4i mi\u00ean th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. Trong b\u00e0i <em>Multifaceted Impact of Self-Efficacy Beliefs on Academic Functioning<\/em> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean <em>Child Development<\/em> n\u0103m 1996, <strong>Albert Bandura, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford<\/strong>, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. V\u00ec v\u1eady, hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3, trong b\u00e0i <em>Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement Across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention<\/em> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean <em>Child Development<\/em> n\u0103m 2007, <strong>Carol S. Dweck, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Lewis v\u00e0 Virginia Eaton t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford, c\u00f9ng Lisa S. Blackwell v\u00e0 Kali H. Trzesniewski<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u00edch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc sinh tin r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh tin r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi th\u00f4i mi\u00ean: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi ni\u1ec1m tin, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng <em>Pygmalion in the Classroom<\/em> n\u0103m 1968 c\u1ee7a <strong>Robert Rosenthal, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Danh d\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Riverside, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Danh d\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard, c\u00f9ng Lenore Jacobson<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u201chi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Pygmalion\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. Khi \u0111\u1eb7t trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng trung t\u00ednh; ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u201cg\u1ee3i \u00fd\u201d t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u00edch<\/strong>, th\u00f4i mi\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt. Trong b\u00e0i <em>Effects of Psychological Interventions to Enhance Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis<\/em> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean <em>Sports Medicine<\/em> n\u0103m 2024, <strong>Gustaf Reinebo, Sven Alfonsson, Markus Jansson-Fr\u00f6jmark, Alexander Rozental v\u00e0 Tobias Lundgren <\/strong>\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao th\u00e0nh t\u00edch v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean. Trong nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, <strong>Tobias Lundgren<\/strong> l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean th\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Karolinska, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 can thi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 luy\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u2013 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o th\u00e0nh t\u00edch mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong th\u1ec3 thao, c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p>Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean trong th\u1ec3 thao, trong b\u00e0i <em>Therapeutic hypnosis and sports performance: a systematic review<\/em> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean <em>International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology<\/em> n\u0103m 2025, <strong>Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Jordi Mir\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Rovira i Virgili, T\u00e2y Ban Nha; Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Mark P. Jensen, l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Y h\u1ecdc Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Washington, Melissa A. Day l\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Queensland, v\u00e0 Franc Garc\u00eda <\/strong>\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4i mi\u00ean tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u00edch th\u1ec3 thao, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u1edf v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean. T\u1ed5ng quan n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea gi\u1eefa th\u00f4i mi\u00ean tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u00edch th\u1ec3 thao, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd khi thi \u0111\u1ea5u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 sau, thi\u1ebfu nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n th\u00eam c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, m\u1eabu l\u1edbn v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00f4i mi\u00ean trong th\u1ec3 thao.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n <strong>s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eadp trung, g\u1ee3i \u00fd, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/strong>. Trong y t\u1ebf, th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111au v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt y khoa. Trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean gi\u00fap ta nh\u1eadn ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. Trong th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u00edch, th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eadp trung, t\u1ef1 tin, h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111i k\u00e8m luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Thoi_mien_trong_doi_song\"><\/span><strong>2. Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u2026 Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i <strong>th\u00f4i mi\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 <strong>tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c <strong>tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/strong>, v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng trong b\u00e0i <strong>\u201cWhat is hypnosis and how might it work?\u201d<\/strong> c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean <em>Palliative Care and Social Practice<\/em> n\u0103m 2019, <strong>Ann Williamson vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1ch b\u1edbt kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u00ean trong nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. <\/strong>B\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng: khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 say m\u00ea m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, khi l\u00e1i xe tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quen thu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb r\u00f5 t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft, khi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, thi\u1ec1n, ho\u1eb7c khi ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u hay s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xa l\u1ea1; n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 <strong>l\u00e1i xe tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quen thu\u1ed9c<\/strong>. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e1i xe v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t quen, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee3t nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb r\u00f5 t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba \u0111i qua. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>\u201chighway hypnosis\u201d<\/strong>. Trong b\u00e0i <strong>\u201cWertheim\u2019s hypothesis on \u2018highway hypnosis\u2019: empirical evidence from a study on motorway and conventional road driving\u201d<\/strong> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean <em>Accident Analysis &amp; Prevention<\/em> n\u0103m 2004, <strong>Gemma Pastor Cerezuela v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 An to\u00e0n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Valencia, T\u00e2y Ban Nha<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1eaft. Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 highway hypnosis nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i \u1edf l\u00e2u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 \u0111o\u00e1n, \u00edt s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quen thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e1i xe ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng: trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n, c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ta \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n khi l\u00e1i xe, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201ct\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i l\u00e0 <strong>ru con ng\u1ee7<\/strong>. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u00e1t ru, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i \u00eam, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ebb gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u00edch, chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ecbu xu\u1ed1ng. Trong b\u00e0i <strong>\u201cSinging Delays the Onset of Infant Distress\u201d<\/strong> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <em>Infancy<\/em>, <strong>Sandra Trehub<\/strong>, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i <strong>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Toronto Mississauga<\/strong>, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Toronto t\u00f3m t\u1eaft r\u1eb1ng h\u00e1t cho tr\u1ebb nghe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu l\u00e2u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n; Trehub gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong b\u00e0i h\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u00a0 v\u1ec1 \u201cT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c cha m\u1eb9 h\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh, cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 cha m\u1eb9\u2013con\u201d<\/strong>, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <em>Infant Behavior and Development<\/em> n\u0103m 2023, <strong>Kirsten M. Sharman, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, Khoa Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Auckland, New Zealand v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 <\/strong>\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p 21 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cha m\u1eb9 h\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho tr\u1ebb.\u00a0 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng quan cho th\u1ea5y h\u00e1t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3m x\u00fac trong quan h\u1ec7 cha m\u1eb9\u2013con. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ru con ng\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00f4i mi\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u, s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i, khi\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ecbu xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, \u201cth\u00f4i mi\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. <\/strong>N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb d\u1ecbu l\u1ea1i khi nghe ti\u1ebfng ru \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch say m\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng nghe r\u00f5 ti\u1ebfng xung quanh; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong; m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u1ebd tranh, vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c qu\u00ean th\u1eddi gian; m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ecbp v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u00f4i mi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (<strong>International Society of Hypnosis)<\/strong> c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eadp trung trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, xem tivi, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9. Khi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xa l\u1ea1, m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m g\u1ea7n g\u0169i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 <strong>flow &#8211; Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y<\/strong>, hay tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1eadp t\u00e2m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong b\u00e0i <strong>\u201cInvestigating the \u2018Flow\u2019 Experience: Key Conceptual and Operational Issues\u201d<\/strong> \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean <em>Frontiers in Psychology<\/em> n\u0103m 2020, <strong>Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Sami Abuhamdeh, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Khoa T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Istanbul \u015eehir, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3<\/strong>, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch flow nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1eadp trung cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Flow kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1eb9p, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, c\u00f2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh l\u00f9i xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda sau.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau: <strong>th\u00f4i mi\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m ngay trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/strong> Khi ta t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u, khi ta b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o \u00e2m thanh, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, k\u00fd \u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, l\u00e1i xe quen thu\u1ed9c, h\u00e1t ru, thi\u1ec1n, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c say m\u00ea. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4i mi\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u00f4i mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xa l\u1ea1 ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u hay t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00f4i mi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t quanh ta: trong ti\u1ebfng ru con, trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch say m\u00ea, trong l\u00fac l\u00e1i xe tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quen thu\u1ed9c, trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp t\u00e2m. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ea5y cho th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd, gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u00ean trong. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y, th\u00f4i mi\u00ean khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-right kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;right&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;3623&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (1 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (1 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I\/ T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean 1. L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m, ni\u1ec1m tin trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201chypnotism\u201d \u2014 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u00f4i [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3626,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khoa-hoc-ve-thoi-mien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3623"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3627,"href":"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3623\/revisions\/3627"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/minhtrithanh.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}